by Douglas Messerli
Inger Christensen Azorno,
translated from the Danish by Denise Newman (New York: New Directions, 2009)
As are most of her writings, Inger Christensen's 1967
fiction Azorno, is a highly
structured work. In this case, seven characters—Randi, Katarina, Louise, Xenia,
Bathsheba (Bet), Sampel and Azorno—each of the women pregnant, are in the
process of writing fictions. Each of their narratives—although one who be hard
placed to describe any of them as having a plot—contains similar actions,
phrases, and events.
Lists dominate the structures Christensen employs to help this work to cohere. At several points characters visit a beautiful lake home, approachable only by boat, where Sampel has created a rose garden with special breeds of roses: "Rosa rugosa, Rosa rubignosa, Rosa pimpinellifolia, cream-colored Rosa "Nevada," yellow Rosa hugonis, and deep scarlet Rosa moyesii."
Several of the
women of this fiction write one another, perceived by other figures as liars or
exaggerators of the truth. Bet Sampel, Sampel's wife, at one point invites all
the other women to join her in the lake house, whereupon they discover that
each of them is pregnant and, together, upon the arrival of Sampel, proceed to
claw him to death. The dog in that house is called Goethe. A small fountain
that does not imitate the sound of rain sits on a terrace.
At other times,
several figures gain comfort from staring at a picture which they call
"the composer," who seems to be staring at a small cigarette burn or
a black dot. Some of the women go to Tivoli in Copenhagen or other parks where
they order two Dubonnets, and/or two martinis, quickly drinking them and
paying, after pulling the table close to them. Most of these figures speak of
two ways of destroying life: with poison or freedom:
Both equally gently. Every confinement can be terminated from
within: e.g., by giving the tree poison and quickly paralyzing the
tissues in their multiple functions. When everything stands still
this way, a mute block, all movement begins to go downward:
flowers disintegrate, leaves curl up, rustle, are carried away, twigs
on branches dry up, break, and the trunk cracks, caves in.
Slowly consumed by everything. Or the confinement can end
from without: e.g., by giving the tree freedom, an excess of space,
light, air, water, nourishment, by which it's made to unfold in a
series of ecstatic flowerings, abruptly followed by exhaustion,
withering. At last the tree dries up, a mute block that is slowly con-
sumed by itself. By everything.
In many respects one might say that the two methods of death
described above are at the center of this "story." In several
instances the women seem trapped, metaphorically poisoned by the relationships
or lack of relationships they must suffer; one sits in a dark room where
outside it perpetually rains. Another is locked away in an institution. Another
is trapped in Sampel's bedroom at the beautiful lake house. Others move, like
Beckettian figures, "in" and "out" in seeming freedom, but
with nowhere to go, wander the streets, sit at tables to drink, or cross the
various Alpine passes by car.
We soon realize
that these figures are all, in some way, creations of the artist Azorno, who,
when he sits at Via Napoli 3 to write, admits of using the pseudonym Sampel. In
their imagination, in the possibilities of telling the various sets of possible
scenarios, each is indeed made pregnant by the author, and each rearranges
these series of events, like the ever-recurring image of a bouquet of
various-colored tulips that is described in many scenes.
Christensen asks
again, but in a highly original manner, what is reality, who of us is real?
Several of her figures often have the feeling that somewhere there is a person
who exactly at the present makes the same notes to be woven into a novel about
him or herself.
It is only in the
final section of this lyrical work that we sense we may have broken through to
a seeming "reality." In that section, Azorno and Bathsheba are in
Paris (not Rome) where he is writing and she, accompanying him, shops and walks
the streets. Here too are many of the elements we have seen at work throughout
the book: he loves listing the roses from his garden as if even saying it were
a charm. The suitcase is packed with the several tablets and toiletries as
described elsewhere. Just as another character cuts through a withered plant to
reach its thorns, Azorno destroys such a plant in the Luxembourg Gardens. Yet
here Goethe, the dog, has been transformed into a small porcelain figure set
atop the wardrobe in their room. And while Azorno attempts to write his story,
Bathsheba (no longer called Bet) ponders, since she has been told she will be
his novel, whether she should consider herself as "simply a human
being" or "as a human-made being." As elsewhere in the book, she
carries an umbrella, meets a man (Azorno), and joins him at a table she draws
close to herself as she orders two Dubonnets.
Yet this time,
she has challenged her husband, who claims to have a vision of her, to tell her
what she is wearing. As at another scene in the fiction, he responds that she
wearing a white coat, white hat, and white gloves, and when the wind blows the
coat open, underneath is a large-flowered dress. In fact, when she opens her
coat she is wearing "an orange sleeveless dress made of a thin fabric that
hung loosely on her and moved with every little puff of wind," something
outside of the repeated elements of the work. In short, we now understand that
she is an image to him, not a reality. She, as all people are in a world in
which we create realities for them, is "a human-made being."
Christensen does
not leave the story there, but finally takes it into a possible reality, as
Bathsheba announces she is going to have a baby. The couple put their arms
around each other and kiss, yet, as the author describes the event, it is still
a symbolic act: "It was a question of gentleness."
At that same
moment, however, Azorno seems to suddenly come alive, realizing for the first
time that the woman "With the dark orange dress against her dark skin
against the dark evening" is something separate from himself, that the
mass of people around him are not the same as his creations, that he is living
not a life, but his life, his only life. He realizes that he is
"A person. Maybe more. Who just now thought exactly this." The
revelation changes everything as the author, mimetically, becomes one of us,
living human flesh:
When the gardens were about to close and the water jets
sank down so that the water's surface became calm, there was
a moment of soundlessness, everything was silent, though certainly
never completely silent, since there was the sound of many
people's movements quickly increasing, as the sound of all that
I have written was quickly increasing and limiting my freedom to
experience, but it was in this moment of soundlessness that we got
up, and the whole time I heard Bathsheba breathing, and I kissed
her, it was in that moment that we kissed each other, that for the
first time in our lives we experienced the mild even air. And sang.
And with that song the "pictures resembling
creatures," of which Søren Kierkegaard writes in Christensen's epilogue,
are transformed into the creatures themselves.
The death of
Inger Christensen in January of this year has left us without one of our
greatest celebrants of living and life.
Los Angeles,
September 27, 2009
Reprinted from Green
Integer Blog (September 2009) and PIP
(Project for Innovative Poetry) (October 2009).